A Definition Of Tourism Tourism Essay

A Definition Of Tourism Tourism Essay Tourism can be defined as a temporary absence, inside or outside the country, of residence, away from home for reasons other than earning an income in the place visited (Burkhart Medlik, 1981 as cited in Lickorish Jenkins, 1997). Saayman (2008) defines tourism as the total experience that originates from the interaction between tourists, job providers, government systems and communities in the process of providing attractions, entertainment, transport and accommodation to tourists. Within the context of the above definitions, travelling outside the borders of the country of residence is termed international or external tourism whereas travelling within the borders is seen as domestic or internal tourism (Coltman, 1989). The tourism industry A definition of tourism by Jafari (1987) is mentioned which can be seen as a reference point when explaining the concept of touristhood. Jafari concludes: tourism is the study of man away from his usual habitat, of the touristic apparatus and networks, and of the ordinary and nonordinary worlds and their dialectic relationship. This definition emphasizes the difference between two different worlds and between two different environments; the ordinary and the nonordinary. The ordinary comprises the mundane, profane, daily life whose procession loses strength due to its own ordained, rhythmic course; while the nonordinary is the heightened position resulting from the departure from the ordinary ranks Tourism is now the largest industry in the world by virtually an economic measure, including gross output, value added, employment, capital investment and tax contributions (Wheatcroft,1994) Since travelling domestically and internationally has become easier due to ease of access, education and rising income, the past few decades have witnessed a considerable increase in the number of people leaving their place of residence, travelled specified distance and returning back home. In order to give them all the required facilities, or more precisely, services, products and amenities, miscellaneous organizations continue to exist. Leiper (1979) considers the tourist industry as consisting of all those firms, organizations and facilities which are intended to serve the specific needs and wants of tourists. Goeldner et al(2002)have developed an integrated system model to capture the essential elements of what they call the tourism phenomenon. In addition to the regular industry sectors of tourism, such as transport and accommodation, they included government and quasi- government agencies, the built environment, the natural environment and its resources, as well as activities such as reward and stewardship. Sectors and Sub-sectors of the Tourism Industry (source:G.K Shaw, 2010 -A risk management model for the tourism industry in South Africa) Visitors attraction -Natural -Manmade -Cultural -Social Transport -Airlines -Seatravel -Bus/coaches -Rail -Car rental Travel organizers -Travel agent -Tour operator -Tour broker -Sport/conference organiser Providers of accommodation -Hotels -Guesthouse -Bed breakfast establishments -Lodges Tourism industry Destination organization -governmental tourism organizations -private tourism organisations Commercial industrial -Souvenir shops -Tourist trade goods manufactures Support services -Tourist guides -Travel insurance -Travel trade press According to Australias new strategic plan, unlike many industry sectors, the tourism is unable to be defined simply as a group of businesses that produce particular, similar products. Rather, the tourism industry embraces a diverse range of providers and users of a variety of goods and services, and overlaps with other sector of the economy. It can simply be interpreted in the terms of demand and supply where demand involves the needs and expectations of tourists while supply involves the organizations delivering tourism products as well as services (Peter E Murphy and Ann E Murphy, 2006) As Jagmohan Negi (2004) rightly puts it: The tourist industry is difficult to define because it consists of all those trades which together satisfy the needs of travelers. Every expenditure made by tourists contributes to the prosperity and development of the travel industry. Although travel means going out only for a temporary period outside the local of ones residence, it involves a complete shake up in the equilibrium that one achieves between himself and the outside world, while living at one particular place for a long time. It involves a long chain of agencies to complete a visit worth its purpose. A tourist (holiday maker) spends his money the moment he leaves his home to go to his holiday. This paper would be focused on the private sector tourism as it deals with most of the shareholders which are in direct contact with the tourists and creation, as well as delivery of services/products; hotels, travel agencies, resorts, retailers and passenger carriers. The Private Sector of Tourism Hall (1992) suggests that the period of mid 1080s which witnessed many political events brought significant changes in the tourism industry. The WTO (1994) explains this idea where it states: As well as political change, the world has seen significant economic restructuring and general recession and downturns in traditionally strong economies. These changes have been marked by an increasing reluctance and/or inability of governments to invest in or support areas such as tourism and, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ This clarification was preceded by the arguments advanced by Lowyck and Wanhill (1992) Davidson (1993), and Harrison et al. (1993)on the economies divesting themselves of state owned assets to the private sector and on privatization which were for purposes of increasing efficiency and enhancing competitiveness by making greater use of markets for resource allocation. Many schools of thoughts argue that the private sector would be better implementer of tourism policies and can lay down long term plans that provide continuity amid situational changes. The private can implement policies while the government agencies can collaborate with one another and provide support (Robert Joseph, 2010 Cebu Daily News) In most countries, government involvement in tourism takes places to varying degrees at different levels as per a governments scope of powers, commitment to tourism management and available resources. All levels of government typically focus on the economic aspect of tourism and its main, dominant role in most destinations is a very strong focus on promotion (Peter.E Murphy and Ann E Murphy, 2006) Some countries do have a tourism industry operating on public-private leadership schemes but still the private sector plays a more active role in defining the direction of tourism. Tourism is all embracing; it involved the interaction of other components such as transportation, communication, accommodation and destination among others. Sectors cannot be singularly handled by the government as they constitute pillars of tourism development. Therefore, the private sector must, of necessity, be involved in the development and promotion of tourism in any country that intends to make tourism the mainstay of her economy. (Akpet, 2005) The private sector normally includes accommodation companies, travel companies, restaurants and bars, retailers and others which are not owned and regulated by the government. Most of the times, these companies have to abide by certain laws and regulations proposed by their constitution but they have got their own set of rules and principles, faction of practices, own and unique management style, profit margin and budgeting and criteria for leadership. Components of tourism private sector The composition of tourism private sector Primary trades/profit oriented organization Secondary trades/profit oriented organization Hotel industry Retail shops Food and beverage industry Financial institutions Transport industry Suppliers of goods and services for hoteliers, Tourist attraction caterers and transport undertakers figure 1: composition of private sector tourism (source: International tourism and travel, Jagmohan Negi, 2004) Primary trades According to Leonard JJ Lickorish and Carson LL Jenkins, the primary trade/profit motivated tourism organizations are interdependent to a certain degree and propose the following explanation: Transportation, accommodation and catering acting as the tourism hardware and tour operators/agents , tourist attractions and recreation activity fulfilling the role of software in so far as they usually provide the reason and catalyst for tourism to take place and for the use of the transport and accommodation. Secondary trades The secondary organizations offer facilities and services which are sometimes not offered by primary ones; example souvenir shops, entertainment and shopping, and insurance companies. On the other hand, Jenkins (1997) argues diversely by suggesting that there are three rather than two types of tourism private businesses. He puts it as follows: (1) the primary trades, which are most commonly associated with tourism (e.g., transport, tour companies, travel agencies, accommodations, catering facilities and attractions); (2) the secondary trades that help support tourism, though are not exclusive to tourism (e.g., retail shopping, banks and insurance, entertainment and leisure activities, personal services); and, (3) the tertiary trades, which provide the basic infrastructure and support for tourism (e.g., food and fuel, manufacturing). The inherent challenges accompanying the variable boundaries of what comprises the tourism industry are further exacerbated when the nature of the tourism product is also considered. Risks The formal Australian standard for Risk Management defines risk as the chance of something happening that will have an impact on objectives. It states that risk can either be positive or negative depending on situations. Andrew Minns (2003) refers to risk as the common combination of the probability (or likelihood) and consequences of an event (or outcome or result of exposure). He explains that this gives rise to the widely used concept of risk: Risk = Probability Consequence External and internal factors The risks facing an organisation and its operations can result from factors both external and internal to the organisation. The diagram overleaf summarises examples of key risks in these areas and shows that some specific risks can have both external and internal drivers and therefore overlap the two areas. They can be categorized further into types of risk such as strategic, financial, operational, hazard, etc. Types of risks According to the Cranfield School of Management, there are different types of risk any organization could face, but the categories of risks are not rigid as parts of business may fall into more than one category due to similar attributes.(Martin Christopher et al, 2011) Types of risks and factors affecting them (Source: The institute of Risk Management, 2002) preview005.png Strategic risk In an ACCA paper of 2008, it was stated that strategic risks are those that arise from the fundamental decision that directors take concerning an organizations objectives. Essentially, strategic risks are the risks of failing to achieve these business objectives.(Annon, 2008) Financial risk According to Marquis Codjia (2011), financial risk is a factor in all economic activities and may cause a firm to suffer losses from unfavorable price variation in securities or partner default. He rightly puts it as financial risk is the probability that a company may not have sufficient cash flows to operate, reimburse a loan or meet other financial commitment when they become due. Operational risk As David Tattam (2011) mentions in one of his publications, operational risk is defined as the risk of loss from failed or inadequate processes, people, systems or external events. He later argues that loss is not the only issue to be taken into consideration and redefines operational risk as the risk of loss or gain arising from people, systems or external events whicn can have the potential to cause the organization to deviate from its objectives. Jack L.King(1998) argues that there is a fundamental problem with operational risk as there is lack of consensus on its definition. As per his explanations, operational risk must be broken down into triggers(causes) and events. Briefly, loss or gain is triggered by an event and causes are the assignable or chance causes for the event. Assignable causes are attributable to factors that can be eliminated. In contrast, chance causes are natural or random. He therefore proposes another definition for operational risk as the uncertainty of loss in the book value of the firm or organization due to the failures in the manufacturing of the firms goods and services. Invention of operational risk In his second paper on risk management, Michael Power(2003) explains that operational risk pretty much inexistent before the 1990s. By the end of the decade, books were being published, conferences were being organized and apparently new roles such as operational risk manager were being created to the extent that there is talk of an operational risk profession. Risk management From the works of James E Roughton and Nathan Crutch Field(2008), it can be gathered that risk management is pre-emptive rather than reactive. This approach is based on the philosophy that it is irresponsible and wasteful to wait for an accident to happen, then figuring out how to prevent it from happening again. We manage risk whenever we modify the way we do something to make our chances of success as great as possible. It is a common sense approach to balancing the risks against the benefits to be gained in a situation and then choosing the most effective course of action. Baltzan , Philips and Hag (2009) describe risk management as a process of ongoing risk identification, analysis and developing responses to risk factors. Following the same concept, Kerzner (2001) argues that risk management is the art or practice of dealing with risk. He rightly puts it as: Risk management includes identifying, assessing and analyzing risk issues as well as planning for the occurrence of risk, and includes developing a management system to handle risks. This system should be designed to allow for monitoring of risk s to determine how they have changed. If not taken appropriate care of, the operational risk could have potential impacts on different aspect of an organization such as: The health and safety of employees and customers The business reputation, credibility and status Public and customer confidence Equipment and the environment (source: adapted from Queensland Tourism, 2009) In the tourism domain, risk management can be defined as the process whereby shareholders methodically address the risks attending to their activities with the goal of achieving sustained benefit with each activity and across the portfolio of all activities. It must be integrated into the culture of tourism private organization with an effective policy and programme led by the most senior management. It must translate the strategy into tactical and operational objectives assigning responsibility throughout the organization with each manager and employee responsible for the management of risk part of their job description. Operational risk management Operational risk management a simple six steps process which identifies operational hazards and takes reasonable measures to reduce risk to personnel, equipment and the mission. It is also a decision making tool that helps to systematically identify risks and benefits and determine the best courses of action for any given situation.(Anon,2000) Operational risk management process Step 1: Identify the hazard A hazard is defined as any real or potential condition that can cause degradation, injury, illness, death or damage to or loss of equipment or property. According to David Maccollum (2007), there are three different ways to methodically identify hazards. Hazard identification by area Hazards are grouped into common types and are identified by surveying all the different areas of an static site. This involves a precise process: Get an up to date plan of worksite. A precise picture of the work area must be provided Get a chart that shows the production process or work flow. The chart must be well explicit and updated for any changes. Divide the worksite into identifiable areas and number them. The physical layout of the working site can be divided according to certain dimensions and given a specific name code or number. Ask staff in all areas to list what they consider as potential hazards in their working environment and to give reasons why these hazards can harmful. Use existing resources and data to review information which can be gathered for example from regulations form, code of practices, booklets and records. Hazard identification by work analysis This method is preferable for small independent group of people who are under minimal supervision. Identify all the tasks people carry out. The employees are asked exactly how do they perform their tasks, their course of action and then the work process is broken down into smaller components for analysis. Work out the steps or stages involved in doing the task. The steps to perform the work are reviewed and possible hazards at each steps are noted and looked at. Using a list of possible hazards, to ask the employees what they consider could apply to each step identified and to write them down. Use existing resources such as guidelines, records of accidents and near misses not only from within the organization but from the industry as well to make sure of identifying all hazards. Use of information derived from task analysis to build up a profile of hazards and the occupations and tasks they apply to. A computer database can be used by giving specific codes to the hazards. (adapted from Occupational safety health service-A workbook, 1994) Hazard identification by process This approach is more thorough as it identifies the processes involved on a worksite and go through each process step by step to look for all hazards at each stage. Make inventory of all substances and materials used in the process List the process from where the material is delivered to the organization to where the finished goods are dispatched or services are offered. Draw up a flow chart detailing every step pf the process Use existing resources such as information booklets, records of accidents and near misses and reports from inspectors. Summerise the collected information (Adapted from Occupational safety health service-A workbook, 1994) Step 2: Assess the risk Risk assessment is actually the comparison of risk elements and their impacts against some acceptability criteria. Risk assessment sometimes involves consolidation of risks into risk sets that can be jointly mitigated, combined and then used in decision making. The assessment of risk is done by applying quantitative and qualitative measures to determine the level of risk associated with specific hazards.(Anon,2000) A risk assessment has three main functions -to consider the chance of harm actually befalling anyone in particular circumstances and the possible consequences -to make proper planning and take adequate preventive measures to control the risks -to shoulder responsibilities properly concerning identification and control of hazards Step 3: Analyse Risk Control Measures After identifying and assessing the hazards which need to be controlled, the next process is to select options or methods to take care of the hazard. The choice of an option is based on factors such as the potential severity of the harm posed by the hazard, the likelihood of injury or illness occurring and the cost of control measures. (Anon, 1994) Step 4: Make control decision The person with best decision abilities must be identified to choose the most appropriate control methods or set of strategies. It is important however to look at all options before making a decision, even though the identified hazard may already have some controls in place. Dale Stewart(2011) explains that these decisions must be made at the right time for maximum duration of effectiveness of the tools. The decision maker should be able to judge situations from required perspective and be responsible for consequences. Step 5: Implement Risk Controls Once control measure have been selected, an implementation strategy must be developed and carried out. For implementation to be successful, it should be clear, accountability should be established and support must be provided at all levels.(Dale Stewart, 2011) Step 6: Supervise and review It is very important to ensure that once hazard controls are put in place, regular checks must be carried out by designated persons to ensure their effectiveness and a feedback mechanism must be followed for future maintenance and utility maximization. (Dale Stewart, 2011) Maximize operational capabilityObjectives of operational risk management Conserve personnel resources Reduce or prevent increase or losses advance gain evaluate and minimize evaluate and maximize risks gain identify, control document identify, control document hazards opportunities Objectives Of Operational Risk Management (source  : FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 15: Operational Risk Management, 2000) Jurgen H.M Van Grinsen (2009) explains in his publication that the setting of operational risk management objectives affects or determines the choice of the methods and tools to be used. There are certain principles which need to be followed while implementing the operational risk management process and these are: Accept no unnecessary risk Make Risk Decisions at the Appropriate Level Accept Risk When Benefits Outweigh the Costs Integrate ORM into Planning at all Levels (source: adapted from FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 15: Operational Risk Management, 2000)

Chapter 4 Plate tectonics Essay

Chapter 4 plate tectonics Need a Hint? 1.What evidence proved that South America, Africa, India, and Australia were once covered by glaciers? glacial deposits and rock surfaces scarred by glaciers 2. What happens when an oceanic plate converges with a continental plate? The denser oceanic plate slides under the less dense continental plate. 3. A divergent boundary is a boundary between two plates that __________. Move away from each other. 4.Do two colliding continental plates always cause volcanoes? Two colliding continental plates do not always cause volcanoes 5. What clue supported the continental drift theory? The puzzlelike fit of all the continents fossils of Mesosaurus, and similar rock structures on different continents support the continental drift theory. 6. What is the plate tectonic theory? the belief that Earth’s crust and upper mantle is broken into sections 7. What are strike-slip faults? Strike-slip faults occur where rocks on opposite sides of the fault move in opposite or the same directions at different rates. 8.Why was the discovery of no rocks older than 2 billion years old on the ocean floor so important? The discovery of no rocks older that 2 billion years old on the ocean floor proved the theory of seafloor spreading. 9. How do scientists explain the formation of underwater mountain ranges? Scientists believe seafloor spreading explains the formation of underwater mountain ranges. 10. How do scientists use sound waves to figure out the shape of the ocean floor? Scientists use sound waves to figure out the shape of the ocean floor because sound waves echo off the ocean floor – the longer it takes a sound wave to return to the ship, the deeper the water is. 11.How can crust disappear at the edge of a boundary? Crust can disappear at the edge of a boundary when new crust is being added to the other edge of the boundary. 12. What is the difference between normal faults and rift valleys? The difference between normal faults and rift valleys is that rift valleys are formed from normal faults. 13. Who first proposed the theory of continental drift? Alfred Wegener first proposed the theory of continental drift. 14. What is a magnetic field reversal? a magnetic field reversal is when Earth’s magnetic field leaves the north pole and enters the south pole 15. What do scientists believe is the force behind the plate tectonics theory? Scientists believe the force behind the plate tectonics theory is convection currents. 16. What is a transform boundary? A transform boundary is when two plates slide past one another, often forming fault lines. 17. How does the Mesosaurus fossil evidence support the continental drift theory? The Mesosaurus fossil evidence supports the continental drift theory because its unlikely that the Mesosaurus could swim between continents. 18. What is the lithosphere? The lithosphere consists of the plates that make up the crust and the upper part of the mantle 19.What tool does a scientist use to detect magnetic fields? Scientists use a magnetometer to detect magnetic fields. 20. What happens to rock around a subducting slab? Rock around a subducting slab goes under the other plate.

Abandoned Dog’s 3-Year Wait for Owners Ends in Finding a New Home

†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ENG 101H December 2, 2012 ABANDONED DOG'S 3-YEAR WAIT FOR OWNERS ENDS WITH NEW HOME The story that I want to share today is regarding an abandoned dog that waited three years for his owners to return to their house. When moving to another town, Chen was left abandoned in the house. He wondered around the property for three years, waiting for them to come back, sleeping in the carport and scavenging food scraps from a nearby grocery store. After years of waiting, a neighbor told Lisa Rendstrom from Chap’s Chow Rescue Foundation what was happening to Chen.She came to the site and bit by bit gained the dog’s trust and affection. She took him the their shelter where she started searching for a new owner to adopt the wonderful animal. It didn’t take long, because Ben Rupp saw his photo online, immediately felt a connection between them and flew to Georgia to take him. Chen is happy now, having a new home in Ohio, with an owner who f ell in love with him the moment he saw him. This story reminds me of a movie that is one of the most emotional movie that I have even seen : â€Å"Hachi, a dog tale†.Based on a true story from Japan, Richard Gere stars this great movie as a college professor who finds an abandoned dog and takes the poor lost animal in. The film follows the two as the man and animal soon form a strong and unexplainable bond. Every morning, the dog used to walk his owner to the train station and expect for him to arrive back from work, in the afternoon. But when, one day, the owner doesn’t arrive, having suffered a heart-attack and died at work, the dog keeps waiting in the train station for him.Days pass and the animal would not leave, even though his owner’s family put efforts in getting him home. The dog kept returning in the morning and in the afternoon, waiting for the train to arrive and his owner. After nine years of waiting in the same place, he dies in the train station. Hachi is a film about loyalty and the rare, invincible bonds that occasionally form almost instantaneously in the most unlikely places. Although most people are aware that there are more dogs and cats being born than there are people willing to adopt them, the actual number of unwanted dogs and cats is staggering.About 62 percent of all households in the United States have a pet and about 78. 2 million dogs and about 86. 4 million cats are owned in the United States. (ASPCA. org) Approximately 5 million to 7 million companion animals enter animal shelters nationwide every year, and approximately 3 million to 4 million are euthanized (60 percent of dogs and 70 percent of cats). (AnimalWorldNetwork. com) The connection that forms between a human and his pet animal cannot be described in words.But the question remains: Do our dogs feel the same things that we feel? In â€Å"The Botany of Desire,† author Michael Pollan observes that there are tens of millions of dogs in North Ame rica and only ten thousand wolves. He asks, â€Å"So what does the dog know about getting along in this world that its wild ancestor doesn’t? † The best explanation for everything canine, from the evolution of the wolf to the domestication of the dog — to the incredible emotional relationship that has emerged between the modern pet and its owner — is that dogs feel what we feel.Dogs have long been considered â€Å"man's best friend,† and they have certainly earned the title. The bond between humans and canines is unmistakable. Since the domestication of the dog, people have been drawn to them (and they to us). Dogs have helped us in so many ways and expect little in return. They have hunted with us, kept vermin and pests away, served the military and police, assisted the disabled, and faithfully remained our loyal companions. In turn, we care for them and maintain good quality of life.This is more than a fair trade. The bond you have with your dog begins the moment he comes into your life and never stops growing. And the two materials presented above prove that this is a â€Å"till death do us part† bond! The link to the web-material is: http://www. mnn. com/family/pets/stories/abandoned-dogs-3-year-wait-for-owners-ends-with-new-home Works Cited AnimalWorldNetwork. com. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. animalworldnetwork. com/bsurpetstat. html ASPCA. org. (n. d. ). Retrieved December 2, 2012, from www. apsca. org Abandoned Dog’s 3-Year Wait for Owners Ends in Finding a New Home †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ENG 101H December 2, 2012 ABANDONED DOG'S 3-YEAR WAIT FOR OWNERS ENDS WITH NEW HOME The story that I want to share today is regarding an abandoned dog that waited three years for his owners to return to their house. When moving to another town, Chen was left abandoned in the house. He wondered around the property for three years, waiting for them to come back, sleeping in the carport and scavenging food scraps from a nearby grocery store. After years of waiting, a neighbor told Lisa Rendstrom from Chap’s Chow Rescue Foundation what was happening to Chen.She came to the site and bit by bit gained the dog’s trust and affection. She took him the their shelter where she started searching for a new owner to adopt the wonderful animal. It didn’t take long, because Ben Rupp saw his photo online, immediately felt a connection between them and flew to Georgia to take him. Chen is happy now, having a new home in Ohio, with an owner who f ell in love with him the moment he saw him. This story reminds me of a movie that is one of the most emotional movie that I have even seen : â€Å"Hachi, a dog tale†.Based on a true story from Japan, Richard Gere stars this great movie as a college professor who finds an abandoned dog and takes the poor lost animal in. The film follows the two as the man and animal soon form a strong and unexplainable bond. Every morning, the dog used to walk his owner to the train station and expect for him to arrive back from work, in the afternoon. But when, one day, the owner doesn’t arrive, having suffered a heart-attack and died at work, the dog keeps waiting in the train station for him.Days pass and the animal would not leave, even though his owner’s family put efforts in getting him home. The dog kept returning in the morning and in the afternoon, waiting for the train to arrive and his owner. After nine years of waiting in the same place, he dies in the train station. Hachi is a film about loyalty and the rare, invincible bonds that occasionally form almost instantaneously in the most unlikely places. Although most people are aware that there are more dogs and cats being born than there are people willing to adopt them, the actual number of unwanted dogs and cats is staggering.About 62 percent of all households in the United States have a pet and about 78. 2 million dogs and about 86. 4 million cats are owned in the United States. (ASPCA. org) Approximately 5 million to 7 million companion animals enter animal shelters nationwide every year, and approximately 3 million to 4 million are euthanized (60 percent of dogs and 70 percent of cats). (AnimalWorldNetwork. com) The connection that forms between a human and his pet animal cannot be described in words.But the question remains: Do our dogs feel the same things that we feel? In â€Å"The Botany of Desire,† author Michael Pollan observes that there are tens of millions of dogs in North Ame rica and only ten thousand wolves. He asks, â€Å"So what does the dog know about getting along in this world that its wild ancestor doesn’t? † The best explanation for everything canine, from the evolution of the wolf to the domestication of the dog — to the incredible emotional relationship that has emerged between the modern pet and its owner — is that dogs feel what we feel.Dogs have long been considered â€Å"man's best friend,† and they have certainly earned the title. The bond between humans and canines is unmistakable. Since the domestication of the dog, people have been drawn to them (and they to us). Dogs have helped us in so many ways and expect little in return. They have hunted with us, kept vermin and pests away, served the military and police, assisted the disabled, and faithfully remained our loyal companions. In turn, we care for them and maintain good quality of life.This is more than a fair trade. The bond you have with your dog begins the moment he comes into your life and never stops growing. And the two materials presented above prove that this is a â€Å"till death do us part† bond! The link to the web-material is: http://www. mnn. com/family/pets/stories/abandoned-dogs-3-year-wait-for-owners-ends-with-new-home Works Cited AnimalWorldNetwork. com. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. animalworldnetwork. com/bsurpetstat. html ASPCA. org. (n. d. ). Retrieved December 2, 2012, from www. apsca. org

Preventing Childhood Obesity And The National School Lunch...

However, despite the successes, the NSLP is also known for inducing blame and stigmatization to its students. According to the SNDA, only 35% of schools meet with the SMI recommended calories. However, the NSLP instead of recognizing that schools are not meeting with the recommended intake because of its overconsumption of commodities, they blame the students and the schools for the lack of healthful practices. For example, Allen and Guttmann (2002) in Neoliberalization from the ground up states how the introduction of the wellness policy under the NSLP recognizes that schools are faulty for nutritional goals and that it should be their role to prevent childhood obesity and other health problems (Allen Guttmann, 2002) Finally, in his article Competitive Foods, Discrimination and Participating in the National School Lunch Program, Rajiv Bhatia(2011) mentions how the NSLP fails to provide neutral quality services by making the program inaccessible to low income students. According to a 2009 national survey, despite that many schools are eligible for free lunches, only 30% of US schools had participation rates under 25% and only 10% have participates rates of 14% (Bhatia, 2011). In other words, according to Bhatia (2011), despite that many students are eligible for free meals, many are refusing to eat because of their fear of being stigmatized. Having said this, the NSLP fails to meet with the goals of the welfare state. Even though, the NSLP meets with certain goals such asShow MoreRelatedEssay on Preventing Childhood Obesity in Australia1427 Words   |  6 Pagesdecades, the prevalence of obesity in children has risen greatly worldwide. 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